When people buy your product or service they may interact with many people: sales people, customer service people, delivery people, and so on. Consider all aspects of what you're selling including its quality, its perceived image, availability, warranties, support and customer service. In the marketing industry, cause and effect diagrams will often consist of 7Ps: Occasionally, a fifth category will be included called "Safety". Do you have too little of your workforce devoted to a process? Are new people adequately trained? Is the training consistent? Are the right people with the right experience being hired or promoted? Is there a specific position creating a bottleneck or making frequent mistakes? Is there too much moisture in the environment? Are temperatures too hot or too cold? Is there excessive dust or other contamination? Could there be errors in calculation or contamination that caused false readings? Could the way you measure be inconsistent in some way? Is your equipment regularly calibrated and maintained?
Are there any issues getting raw materials from suppliers? Any problems with transportation (timing) or with the quality of the supplies? Are there any maintenance issues with the tools used or the number of tools available? Are there well-written and appropriate training guidelines in place? Are certain policies or regulations causing slow-downs or creating unnecessary steps?
In the manufacturing industry, these are referred to as the 6Ms: Most cause and effect diagrams examine a similar set of possible causes for any issue analyzed.
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